SISS - 2023
Social indicator sample survey - 2023
2023
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DDI-MNG-NSO-MN-SISS-2023-v1.0
SISS - 2023
Social indicator sample survey - 2023
Social Indicator Sample Survey - 2023
The National Statistics Office of Mongolia (NSO) has conducted the Child Development Survey (Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey – MICS), developed by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), six times in 1996, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2013 and 2018, using the standard methodologies and procedures of MICS. Article 7(e) of the Law on Statistics of Mongolia stipulates that the Social Indicator Sample Survey shall be conducted every five years.
The main objectives of the Social Indicator Sample Survey 2023 are to:
- Generate, update and enrich high-quality data required to assess the situation of children, adolescents, women, men and households in Mongolia;
- Generate data to establish a baseline for future interventions and to monitor the implementation of national and international policies and programmes; and
- Generate data required by researchers and academics to conduct in-depth analyses.
The survey covers basic information on all household members (usual residents), all women aged 15–49 years, all men aged 15–49 years, and all children aged 0–5 years and 5–17 years.
Version
Хувилбар 1.0
Scope
The data were collected by 20 teams; each was comprised of 5 interviewers (3 female and 2 male interviewers, male interviewers also operated as measurers), 2 drivers, and a supervisor. Fieldwork began in October 4th in Ulaanbaatar and from October 27th in local area until December 30th, 2023 lasting for 88 days.
Data was collected using tablet computers running the Windows 11/ Android 14 operating system, utilising a Bluetooth application for field operations, enabling transfer of assignments and completed questionnaires between supervisor and interviewer tablets.
Coverage
The sample size for the SISS 2023 was determined to ensure sufficient representativeness for estimating child and women’s indicators at the national level, as well as by urban and rural areas and across the five regions (Western, Khangai, Central, Eastern and Ulaanbaatar).
Urban and rural areas within each region were defined as the primary sampling strata, and households were selected using a two-stage sampling design. Within each stratum, a specified number of primary sampling units (PSUs) was selected using probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling. Following the listing of households in each selected PSU, 25 households were selected systematically using probability sampling, resulting in a total sample of 13,850 households.
Household: General information on household members; education of household members; selected household characteristics; household energy use; social transfers; food security; water supply and sanitation; handwashing facilities.
Women: Background characteristics; migration; employment and training activities; information and communication technology (ICT) use; fertility; birth history; pregnancy outcomes; birth planning; antenatal care; assistance during delivery; newborn care; birth weight; postnatal health checks for mothers and children; contraceptive use; fertility preferences; menstrual health and hygiene; human papillomavirus (HPV); time use; attitudes towards domestic violence; safety and discrimination; marital status; functional ability; sexual behaviour; knowledge of HIV/AIDS; decision-making regarding reproductive health; tobacco and alcohol use; mental health.
Men: Background characteristics; migration; health insurance; employment and training activities; ICT use; time use; attitudes towards domestic violence; safety and discrimination; marital status; functional ability; sexual behaviour; knowledge of HIV/AIDS; tobacco and alcohol use; mental health.
Children under 5 years of age: Background characteristics; child discipline; functional ability; breastfeeding and child nutrition; immunization; care and treatment of diarrhoea; care and treatment of symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI).
Children aged 5–17 years: Background characteristics; child labour; child discipline; functional ability; problematic screen use; time use; household involvement in education; foundational learning skills; height and weight measurements of children aged 5–9 years.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National statistics office of Mongolia | Parliament of Mongolia |
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| United Nations Children’s Fund | UNICEF | Funding of survey implementation |
| United Nations Population Fund | UNFPA | Funding of survey implementation |
Sampling
The sample size for the 2023 Social Indicator Sample Survey (SISS) was determined to ensure sufficient representativeness for estimating indicators for children and women at the national level, as well as by urban and rural areas and across the five regions (Western, Khangai, Central, Eastern and Ulaanbaatar).
Urban and rural areas within each region were defined as the primary sampling strata, and households were selected using a two-stage sampling design. Within each stratum, a specified number of primary sampling units (PSUs) was selected using probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling. Following the listing of households in each selected PSU, 25 households were selected systematically using probability sampling, resulting in a total sample of 13,850 households.
The Mongolia SISS, 2023 MICS full (raw) weights for the households were calculated by multiplying the inverse of the probabilities of selection by the non-response adjustment factor for each stratum. These weights were then standardised (or normalised), one purpose of which is to make the weighted sum of the interviewed sample units equal to the total sample size at the national level. Normalisation is achieved by dividing the full sample weights (adjusted for nonresponse) by the average of these weights across all households at the national level. This is performed by multiplying the sample weights by a constant factor equal to the unweighted number of households at the national level divided by the weighted total number of households (using the full sample weights adjusted for non-response). A similar standardisation procedure was followed in obtaining standardised weights for the individual women, men, under-5 questionnaires and water quality testing. Adjusted (normalised) household weights varied between 0.0366 and 9.7682 in the 554 sample enumeration areas (clusters).
In addition to having individual weights for obtaining the indicators for women and men age 15-49 years, it is also useful to tabulate corresponding indicators for the combined adult population age 15-49 years. In this case it is not possible to use the normalised individual weights for men and women, because the sample men and women age 15-49 years were selected with different probabilities of selection. Therefore it is necessary to calculate different normalised weights for the combined population age 15-49 years. The adjusted full (raw) weights for the women and men age 15-49 reflect the corresponding probabilities of these individuals in relation to the sampling frame. Therefore it is necessary to calculate adult population weights by normalising the combined women and men adjusted raw weights at the national level. This is accomplished by calculating the average adjusted raw weight from the sum of the combined women and men weights, and dividing all the individual adjusted raw weights for women and men by this combined average. In this case the adult population weights are normalised by multiplying the individual women and men adjusted raw weights by a factor equal to the sum of the total (unweighted) number of sample women and men age 15-49 years interviewed at the national level divided by the sum of the weighted total number of women and men using the corresponding adjusted raw weights. The MICS template for the calculation of weights has separate columns for the standardised population weights for women and men, and these standardized weights are merged with the corresponding data for women and men that are used for tabulating the combined population indicators.
Sample weights were appended to all data sets and analyses were performed by weighting the data for households, women, men, under-5s, children and adolescents aged 5-17-years and water quality testing with these sample weights.
Survey instrument
The survey included the following seven questionnaires:
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Household Questionnaire – Collected demographic information on household members and information on housing conditions.
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Household Water Quality Testing Questionnaire – Used to collect information on household drinking water quality.
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Women’s Individual Questionnaire – Administered to all women aged 15–49 years living in the household.
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Men’s Individual Questionnaire – Administered to all men aged 15–49 years living in every second household.
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Questionnaire for Children Under Five – Administered to the mother or caregiver of children under five years of age living in the household.
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Questionnaire for Recording Vaccination Information from Household/ Soum Health Centres – Vaccination information for children aged under two years who were included in the Questionnaire for Children Under Five was obtained from the relevant soum or family health centre serving the household’s area of residence.
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Questionnaire for Children Aged 5–17 Years – One child aged 5–17 years living in the household was randomly selected, and the questionnaire was administered to the child’s mother or caregiver.
MICS surveys utilise Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI). The data collection application was based on the CSPro (Census and Survey Processing System) software, Version 7.7.3, including a MICS dedicated data management platform. Procedures and standard programs developed under the global MICS programme were adapted to the Social Indicator Sample Survey 2023 final questionnaires and used throughout. The CAPI application was tested in Bayanzurkh district of Ulaanbaatar during September 2023. Based on the results of the CAPI-test, modifications were made to the questionnaires and application.
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2023-10-04 | 2023-12-30 | Everyday |
Data collection began on 4 October 2023 in Ulaanbaatar and on 27 October 2023 in the other regions of the country. It continued until 30 December 2023, lasting a total of 88 days.
Every five years
| Data source | Origin of Source | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| SISS-2023 | As the Social Indicator Sample Survey is a household-based survey, the sampling unit is the household. |
List of Household Members Education: Attainment Education: Attendance Household Characteristics Household Energy Use Social Transfers Food Insecurity Experience Water Sanitation Hygiene |
- The data were collected by 20 teams; each was comprised of 5 interviewers (3 female and 2 male interviewers, male interviewers also operated as measurers), 2 drivers, and a supervisor. Fieldwork began in October 4th in Ulaanbaatar and from October 27th in local area until December 30th, 2023 lasting for 88 days. Data was collected using tablet computers running the Windows 11/ Android 14 operating system, utilising a Bluetooth application for field operations, enabling transfer of assignments and completed questionnaires between supervisor and interviewer tablets.
| Name | Affiliation | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| National Statistics office | Parliament of Mongolia) | NSO |
| Response Rate | Training |
|---|---|
| The training covered interviewing techniques, the questions in each questionnaire, and practical exercises in which participants interviewed one another using both paper questionnaires and tablets. |
Training for the fieldwork was conducted for 18 days in September 2023. Training included lectures on interviewing techniques and the contents of the questionnaires, and mock interviews between trainees to gain practice in asking questions. Participants first completed full training on paper questionnaires, followed by training on the CAPI application. The trainees spent 2 days in field practice and one day on a full pilot survey in Bayanzurkh district of Ulaanbaatar. The training agenda was based on the template MICS7 training agenda. All measurers received dedicated trainings. For anthropometry, the training schedule was for a total of 3 days, including 2 days of practice in the field and institutions, dedicated standardisation tests , and pilot. For water quality testing, the training schedule was for a total of 2 days, including the pilot survey together with the full team of fieldworkers. Of the 48 participants trained as measurers, a total of 29 measurers were selected for the survey fieldwork based on performance. Field Supervisors attended additional training on the duties of team supervision and responsibilities. |
Team supervisors were responsible for the daily monitoring of fieldwork. Mandatory re-interviewing was implemented on one household per cluster. Daily observations of interviewer skills and performance was conducted.
During the fieldwork period, each team was visited multiple times by survey management team members and field visits were arranged for UNICEF MICS Team members.
Throughout the fieldwork, field check tables (FCTs) were produced weekly for analysis and action with field teams. The FCTs were customised versions of the standard tables produced by the MICS Programme.
Additionally, the survey team employed real-time dashboard data summaries novel approach to implementation and data quality monitoring developed by the MICS Programme.
The data were collected by 20 teams; each was comprised of 5 interviewers (3 female and 2 male interviewers, male interviewers also operated as measurers), 2 drivers, and a supervisor. Fieldwork began in October 4th in Ulaanbaatar and from October 27th in local area until December 30th, 2023 lasting for 88 days.
Data was collected using tablet computers running the Windows 11/ Android 14 operating system, utilising a Bluetooth application for field operations, enabling transfer of assignments and completed questionnaires between supervisor and interviewer tablets.
Data processing
| Description |
|---|
| Sample weights and background characteristics were computed and added to the final data. Analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, Version 24. Model syntax and tabulation plan developed by UNICEF were customised and used for this purpose |
Data were received at the NSO’s data server via Internet File Streaming System (IFSS) integrated into the management application on the supervisors’ tablets. Whenever logistically possible, synchronisation was daily. The central office communicated application updates to field teams through this system.
During data collection and following the completion of fieldwork, data were edited according to editing process described in detail in the Data Editing Guidelines, a customised version of the standard MICS documentation.
Disclaimer and copyrights
The National Statistical Office of Mongolia and UNICEF provide these data to external users without any warranty or responsibility implied. The National Statistical Office of Mongolia and UNICEF accept no responsibility for the results and/or implications of any actions resulting from the use of these data.
Metadata production
DDI-MNG-NSO-MN-SISS-2023-v1.0
2026-03-25
Metadata version
Version1.0