MICS 2000
Mongolia, 2000
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MNG-NSO-EN-MICS2000-v1.0
MICS 2000
MICS-2
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Mongolia | MNG |
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey - Round 2 [hh/mics-2]
The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2000 (MICS - 2) is the second round of MICS surveys, previously conducted around 1995 (MICS - 1) . Many questions and indicators are consistent and compatible with the prior round of MICS (MICS - 1) although there have been a number of changes in definition of indicators between rounds. Details can be found by reviewing the indicator definitions.
The "Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS): Child Development 2000" is a household survey programme developed by UNICEF to assist countries in filling data gaps for monitoring human development in general and the situation of children and women in particular.
MICS is capable of producing statistically sound, internationally comparable estimates of social indicators such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) indicators. It is a flexible tool that is reasonably inexpensive and relatively quick to implement.
Purpose
The survey has been a joint endeavour of the Government of Mongolia and UNICEF to make in-depth analysis of Mongolia's child and women health, education, livelihood status and right exercises and to assess the progress of implementation of a National Programme for Child Development and Protection (2000-2010). The data will furnish the preparation process of the national reporting to be presented by the Government of Mongolia at the special session of UN regarding the country's implementation of Declaration of the A World Fit for Children.
The primary objectives of "Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey: Child Development 2000 are the following:
- To update the data for assessing the situation of child and women and their right exercises;
- To furnish the data needed for monitoring progress towards the goals of Millenium Declaration and WorldFit for Children as a basis for future action planning;
- To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in Mongolia and strengthen the expertise in the design, implementation and analytical of these systems.
Content
MICS - 2 questionnaires are designed in a modular fashion that can be easily customized to the needs of Mongolia. They consist of a household questionnaire, a questionnaire for women aged 15-49 and a questionnaire for children under the age of five (to be administered to the mother or caretaker).
HOUSEHOLD: Household's characteristics,household roster, education, child labour, maternal mortality, child disability ,water and sanitation and salt iodization
WOMEN: Women's characteristics, women listing, child mortality, maternal and infant health, tetanus toxoid,contraception ,deficiency "D" vitamin and HIV/AIDS knowledge
CHILDREN: Children's characteristics, child listing, birth registration and pre-schooling, child development , "A" vitamin supplement, breastfeeding, care of illness,Hepatite "B", immunization and anthropometry.
Survey plans
Mongolia's "Multiple Indicatore Cluster Survey: Child Development 2000 is conducted by the National Statistical Office of Mongolia with the support of the Government of Mongolia and UNICEF. Technical assistance and training for the surveys is provided through a series of regional workshops, covering questionnaire content, sampling and survey implementation; data processing; data quality and data analysis; report writing and dissemination.
Survey results
National report presents the results of the indicators and topics covered in the survey.
Sample survey data [ssd]
- Households (defined as a group of persons who usually live and eat together)
- Household members (defined as members of the household who usually live in the household, which may include people who did not sleep in the household the previous night, but does not include visitors who slept in the household the previous night but do not usually live in the household)
- Women aged 15-49
- Children aged 0-4
Version
Version 2.0: edited data used for national report in English
2000-09-15
Scope
The scope of the "Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS): Child Development 2000" includes:
Household questionnaire:
- Household's characteristics(identification,housing condition),
- Literacy,
- Education,
- Child labour,
-Optional maternal mortality, - Child disability,
- Water and Sanitation
- Salt iodization
Women's questionnaire:
- Information about women
- Child mortality,
- Maternal and infant health,
- Contraceptive use
- HIV/AIDS knowledge
- Vitamin "D" deficiency
Children's questionnaire:
- Birth registration
- Early childhood learning
- Vitamin A supplementation
- Breastfeeding,
- Care for childhood illness,
- Hepatitis
- Child immunization
- Anthropometry(measurement of height and weight)
Coverage
This survey is nationally and regionally (5 regions - West, Central, East, South, Ulaanbaatar) representative and covers the whole of Mongolia.
The survey covered all household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49 years resident in the household, and all children aged 0-4 years (under age 5) resident in the household.
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| National Statistical Office of Mongolia |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| UNICEF, Mongolia | UNICEF | Technical assistance |
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| UNICEF | UNICEF | Funding of survey implementation |
Sampling
The principal objective of the sample design was to provide current and reliable estimates on a set of indicators covering the four major areas of the World Fit for Children declaration, including promoting healthy lives; providing quality education; protecting against abuse and combating HIV/AIDS. The population covered by the MICS - 2 is defined as the universe of all women aged 15-49 and all children aged under 5. A sample of households was selected and all women aged 15-49 identified as usual residents of these households were interviewed. In addition, the mother or the caretaker of all children aged under 5 who were usual residents of the household were also interviewed about the child.
The MICS - 2 collected data from a nationally representative sample of households, women and children. Sample design features include target sample size, sample allocation, sample frame and listing, choice of domains, sampling stages, stratification, and the calculation of sample weights.
The primary objective of the sample design for the Mongolia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was to produce statistically reliable estimates of most indicators, at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for the five regions (Western, Khangai, Central, Eastern, Ulaanbaatar) of Mongolia. Urban and rural areas within regions were defined as the sampling domains.
A multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample.
Mongolia is divided into 6 regions. Each region is subdivided into provinces (aimags) and a capital city, and each province into soums, a capital city into districts, each soum into bags and each districts into khoroos.
The target sample size for the Mongolia MICS was calculated as 6000 households. For the calculation of the sample size, the key indicator used was the underweight prevalence among children aged 0-4 years. The average cluster size in the Mongolia MICS was determined as 20 households, based on a number of considerations, including the budget available, and the time that would be needed per team to complete one cluster. Dividing the total number of households by the number of households per cluster, it was calculated that the selection of a total number of 300 clusters would be needed in total. Proportional allocation of the total sample size (6000 households) to the five regions was performed.
In each region, the clusters (primary sampling units) were distributed to urban and rural domains, proportional to the size of urban and rural population in that region.
The administrative records of households and population, updated on an annual basis across the country, were used as the sampling frame for selection of clusters. The lowest administrative units (bagh and khoroo) were defined as primary sampling units (PSUs), and were selected from each of the sampling domains by using systematic pps (probability proportional to size) sampling procedures, based on the estimated sizes of the bagh and khoroos from the 2000 mid yearly administrative record. The first stage of sampling was thus completed by selecting the required number of units (bagh and khoroo) from each of the 6 regions.
Lists of households were prepared mostly by the officials of the bagh and khoroo. The households were then sequentially numbered from 1 to n (the total number of households in each bagh/khoroo) at the National Statistical Office, where selection of 20 households in each PSU was carried out using systematic selection procedures.
Details of sampling design of Mongolia MICS survey can be found in the Final Report of this survey.
No major deviations from the original sample design were made. All primary sampling units were accessed and successfully interviewed with good response rates.
6000 households were selected for the sample. Of these, 6000 were occupied households and 6000 were successfully interviewed for a response rate of 100%. Within these households, 8606 eligible women aged 15-49 were identified for interview, of which 8257 were successfully interviewed (response rate 95.9%), and 6199 children aged 0-5 were identified for whom the mother or caretaker was successfully interviewed for 6184 children (response rate 99.8%).
The Mongolia MICS survey sample is approximately self-weighting. Normalized (standardized) sample weights were calculated, however, to reflect differential response rates across sampling domains and small differences in sampling fractions across the domains.
The major component of the weight is the reciprocal of the sampling fraction employed in selecting the number of sample households in that particular sampling domain.
After the completion of fieldwork, response rates were calculated for each sampling domain. There were used to adjust the sample weights calculated for each cluster.
The adjustment for household non-response is equal to the inverse value of
RR = Number of interviewed households / Number of occupied households listed.
Similarly, the adjustment for non-response at the individual level (women aged 15-49 years and children aged under-five) is equal to the inverse value of
RR = Completed women's (or under-5's) questionnaires / Eligible women (or under-5s).
Numbers of eligible women and under-5 children were obtained from the household listing in the Household Questionnaire in households where interviews were completed.
The unadjusted weights for the households were calculated by multiplying the above factors for each PSU. There weights were then standardized (or normalized), one purpose of which is to make the sum of the interviewed sample units equal the total sample size at the national level. Normalization is performed by multiplying the aforementioned unadjusted weights by the ratio of the number of completed households to the total unadjusted weighted number of households. A similar standardization procedure was followed in obtaining standardized weights for the women's and under-5's questionnaires.
Survey instrument
The questionnaire used in the Mongolian "Child and Development Survey-2000" closely followed the content and format of the model MICS questionnaire recommended by UNICEF5, with some revisions and adjustments to suit specific local circumstances. The MICS model actually consists of 3 types of questionnaires; each designed to collect information on specific topics and distinct target groups.
The household questionnaire collected information such as the construction of the housing, the sex, age, literacy, and marital and orphaned status of the household members. Also included in this questionnaire were questions on education, child labor, supply of water and sanitation, and the use of iodized salt.
The questionnaire for women aged 15-49 include modules on:
-Information about women
-Child mortality
-Maternal and infant health
-Contraceptive use
-HIV/AIDS.
-Vitamin "D" deficiency
The questionnaire on children under age 5 covered:
-Birth registration
-Early childhood learning
-Vitamin A supplementation
-Breastfeeding
-Care for childhood illness
-Hepatitis
-Child immunization
-Anthropometry (measurement of height and weight)
Modifications of the model questionnaire were carried out with the guidance of and coordination by the Steering Committee. The original English version was translated into Mongolian, and circulated among relevant government and non-governmental agencies for comments and suggestions, which were incorporated in subsequent drafts. The MICS Working Group ensured that the substantial inputs from the sectional ministries and other organizations were appropriately worded and consistent with the overall structure and format of the questionnaire. Before finalization, the questionnaires were pre-tested in two separate locations. This field-testing helped to identify and correct problems with physical and logical sequencing and to detect specific questions where changes in wording were needed to make the meaning clear to respondents. In addition, it yielded an estimated average duration of each household interview (about 90 minutes) and provided a basis for planning the number of interviewers required, the approximate workload of each and the probable duration of the entire survey exercise. Following the correction of problems identified by the pre-testing exercise, the questionnaires, along with the revised instruction manual for interviewers and supervisors, were given a final review and approval by the Steering Committee and the NSO.
All questionnaires and modules are provided as external resources.
None reported
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2000-05 | 2000-08 |
- Face-to-face [f2f]
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| National Statistical Office of Mongolia | NSO |
One of the supervisors of each team was a staff member from the local statistical office.By agreement with the local authority,these staff were given one month's unpaid leave in order to serve on the MICS team.The participation of these local staff was very positive and made a significant contribution towards facilitating fieldwork,helping to reduce non-sampling error and improving data quality. Four monitoring units composed of Steering Committee and Working group members were set up to provide overall supervision of field work progress and interviewers' and supervisors' performance in 10 aimags and Ulaanbaatar,reporting on shortcomings and successes and talking timely action as necessary to ensure continued smooth implementation.
The official agreement on conducting Child and Development Survey-2000 (MICS-2) was established in May 2000 between National Statistics Office of Mongolia and the Resident Representative of UNICEF. The interviewers for the survey were selected by the Steering Committee and Working Group with the guidance of UNICEF.
All the selected interviewers and editors participated at the MICS-2 training,after which eight data collection teams were established,each team consisting of a team leader,2 editors,4 interviewers and 2 drivers.
A 10-day training program for interviewers and other field personnel was carried out in early May 2000. The program included training on the survey objectives and the guidance on the interviewing process from UNICEF. Trainers were those who participated in the regional MICS-2 workshop. At the local training there were around 100 participants, including those who would work as interviewers, editors and supervisors. During the training the participators gained knowledge of the survey objectives and the questionnaire, and the manual for the filling out the questionnaire. All participants studied how to interview, how to fill out the questionnaire and how to make contact with the interviewees. Participants practiced having interviews and learnt how to measure the weight and height of child under 5 years old, and the iodization of table salt used by the surveyed households.
One of the supervisors of each team was a staff member from the local statistical office. By agreement with the local authority, these staff was allowed to take one month's unpaid work leave in order to serve on the MICS team. The participation of these local staff was very positive and made a significant contribution towards facilitating fieldwork, helping to reduce non-sampling error and improving data quality. It should be noted that the Parliamentary Election Compain was going on at the same time as the survey and may have had an adverse effect on the process of conducting the survey.
Household interviews began at the end of May and concluded in early August 2000. The data collection procedures were divided into 3 stages. After each team completed its work in one site and submitted the data to the working group in Ulaanbaatar, which was responsible for receiving and entering data, it was given permission to move to the next site. Each team worked in two aimags and the third stage of fieldwork was in Ulaanbaatar.
Data processing
Data Processing: ISSA computer software was used for data entry preparation and data collected was keyed into 5 microcomputers. Computer operators for data entry were hired and trained for 4 days. The data processing team had the responsibility of checking the completeness of all received raw data, pre-entry data quality control and preparation for entry, data entry process, testing and running controlling software, producing data error report, re-entry data corrected, converting software provided by the UNICEF Resident Representative's Office in Ulaanbaatar and processing data according to the instructions. In order to ensure the quality of received data, a double entry method, comparing results was used for each questionnaire. The Team Leader and the computer programmer attended a Data Processing training course held in Bangkok in April 2000, during which the trainees received the necessary knowledge and skills to apply in the case of this particular survey. These skills included questionnaire computer design, data entry, quality control, correction and process, as well as the utilization of the commonly used software package, SPSS, for data integration and analysis for this survey. Some additional software work was carried out and applied to ensure consistency of the software to be used and country-specific questionnaires were designed for the Child and Development Survey-2000.
Data pre-entry preparation, quality control and data entry was carried out in July-August 2000 at a highly professional level and in a shorter time than expected. At this stage of the survey, the working group stayed in close contact with the survey regional office and some questions raised concerning software and mathematical methodology were solved very efficiently.
Survey data were processed using software based on the given designed questionnaire. The data processing was carried out in two stages. The goal of the first stage was to obtain a complete file of raw data according to the processing technology order and to ensure the quality of the data. This included following:
1.1 Data entry
1.2 Structure checks
1.3 Verification
1.4 Secondary editing
1.5 Production of verified and confirmed data set
The second stage aimed to produce cross tables enabling further analysis to be carried out. This included the following:
2.1 Entry of a variety of options and simulations
2.2 Production of output tables
After the completion of the data processing of the survey materials, statisticians analyzed particular indicators, checked consistency with other data sources, reviewed results, edited errors, and reviewed concepts and definitions of unclear indicators. Finally based on these, they developed a working document, which would be useful for the next survey, and wrote the survey report. The other data sources used for analysis and consistency checks were other official statistics compiled by the National Statistical Office, the Statistical Year Book (NSO), and the Mongolian government's Population and Housing Census - 2000.
Within the context of the Child and Development Survey-2000, another survey concerning "Children Surviving in Difficult Circumstances" was conducted, by attaching a further questionnaire (CDS-2) to the main survey, and collecting the data at the same time. This required each local government authority to provide information through questionnaire CDS-2, which was completed in August-September, 2000. Data from this second questionnaire was collected and processed, using similar pre-data preparation, quality control and software processing, and in addition sets of handbooks and instruction were designed for this specific survey and approved by the working group. Children surviving in difficult circumstances were desegregated by aimag and a database was established.
All related original raw inputs were delivered to the archive after the data process was completed. A working report on the survey organization will be submitted separately.
Data appraisal
As a basic check on the quality of the survey data, the percentage of cases missing information on selected questions is shown in Table 3. 8.3 percent of household members (1764 persons) have missing information on their level of education but 0.1 percent (12 persons) have missing data on the year of education.
Among female respondents, 0.1 percent did not report a complete birth date (i.e., month and year). 0f women, who gave birth in the 12 months prior to the survey, 0.1 per cent did not report the data of AIDS testing.
A small number of children under 5 years old and between 6 and 8 years old, gave incomplete answers for the question on children with diarrhea in the last two weeks.
The data on weight and height is missing in the case of approximately four percent of surveyed children under 5 years old, which may be the result of the child not being present, refusal, or other reasons. Date on weight and height is the most likely information to be missing, but, by international standards, the above percentage is relatively low in comparison to other surveys in which anthropometric measurements have been taken (Sommerfelt and Boerma, 1994).
Disclaimer and copyrights
National Statistical Office of Mongolia
Metadata production
DDI-MNG-NSO-EN-MICS2000-v1.0
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Namjilsuren Uyanga | National Statistical Office of Mongolia | Documentation of the study |
2008-01-24
Metadata version
version 1.0